The Class 9 is an important year in a student’s life and Maharashtra State Board Social Science Political Science (Civics) is one of the subjects that require dedication, hard work, and practice. It’s a subject where you can score well if you are well-versed with the concepts, remember the important formulas and solving methods, and have done an ample amount of practice. Worry not! Home Revise is here to make your Class 9 journey even easier. It’s essential for students to have the right study material and notes to prepare for their board examinations, and through Home Revise, you can cover all the fundamental topics in the subject and the complete Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Social Science Political Science (Civics) Book syllabus.
Q1. Choose the right option and rewrite the sentence.
(1) This was the main objective behind establishing the Indian Atomic Energy Commission –
(a) enhance military capacity
(b) conduct nuclear tests
(c) to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons
(d) production of atomic energy
(2) The following is now the objective of all the nations of the world –
(a) atomic development
(b) economic development
(c) nuclear test
(d) security system
(3) The ………. is an important aspect of India’s foreign policy –
(a) free economic policy
(b) interdependence
(c) non-alignment
(d) nuclear development
(4) India conducted nuclear tests in 1974 at –
(a) Sriharikota
(b) Thumba
(c) Pokhran
(d) Jaitapur
Answer 1: This was the main objective behind establishing the Indian Atomic Energy Commission production of atomic energy
Answer 2: The following is now the objective of all the nations of the world economic development.
Answer 3: The Non-Alignment is an important aspect of India’s foreign policy.
Answer 4: India conducted nuclear tests in 1974 at Pokhran.
Q2. Explain with reasons whether the following statements are true or false.
(1) Pandit Nehru contributed towards improving Sino-Indian relations.
(2) Atal Bihari Vajpayee took the lead in improving relations with Pakistan.
Answer 1: The statement is true. Pandit Nehru contributed towards improving Sino-Indian relations.
Answer 2: The statement is true. Atal Bihari Vajpayee took the lead in improving relations with Pakistan.
Q3. Explain the following concepts.
(1) India’s Foreign Policy
(2) National Interest
(3) World Peace
Answer 1: India’s Foreign Policy –India got independence in 1947 and from then onwards we started shaping our foreign policy independently. The Directive Principles of State Policy have laid down guidelines about how to shape foreign policy. Article 51 among the Directive Principles of State Policy lay down the broad framework for foreign policy. According to it, India should give priority to safeguard international peace and security, and resolve our international problems and disputes by peaceful means. The objectives of our foreign policy should be to maintain friendly relations with other nations and respect international law.
Answer 2: National Interest –National interest implies the means through which the independence and sovereignty of our country can be safeguarded. National interest also includes efforts to achieve our economic development and to take steps towards increasing our national power. When decisions are taken after giving a careful thought to what is beneficial and good for our country, we say that we are nurturing our national interest. In this sense, the following factors are included in the national interest of any country.
Answer 3: World Peace –World Peace means protecting the world from war, aggression and destruction. Since 1945, the United Nations and the five permanent members of its Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) have operated under the aim to resolve conflicts without war or declarations of war.
Q4. What is your opinion about the fact that world peace is threatened due to nuclear preparedness?
Answer: The world is in danger due to the modern nuclear race. It can be easily said that if the nuclear war starts now that will be the biggest war of the history of mankind. And there is a chance that most of the people of the world will suffer it directly or indirectly. Also, according to scientists, if all the nuclear weapons on earth are launched that will be the end of not only humans but plants and animals will also be destroyed completely.
Q5. Answer the following questions in brief.
(1) On what principles is India’s foreign policy based?
(2) Who has contributed to improving Sino-Indian relations?
(3) Write the objectives of India’s foreign policy.
Answer 1: India’s Foreign Policy is based on five principles
Answer 2: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee contributed a great deal to improve Sino-Indian relations.
Answer 3: The objectives of our foreign policy should be to maintain friendly relations with other nations and respect international law.
Q6. Prepare the following concept map.
Answer: Factors affecting Foreign Policy are as follows:
(1) Geographical Location: Some countries are far away from other countries, while there are several neighboring countries around some countries. Some nations have a long coastline, while some have plenty of mineral wealth. In sum, the size, population, topography, coastline, availability of natural resources, all these factors need to be considered while deciding the foreign policy of any country.
(2) Political System: In a democratic political system, the nation’s parliament plays a major role in evolving foreign policy. When different aspects come up for discussion in parliament, the opposition parties try to regulate the foreign policy by raising questions about the same.
Federal political systems have to take into account the inclinations of the constituent States while shaping foreign policy because the affairs in neighbouring nations affect constituent States.
(3) Economy: In modern times the economic condition of any country has acquired great importance in deciding foreign policy. As a result, the economy impacts foreign policy in two ways :
(1) Foreign policy is shaped by the need to establish economic relations with other countries, import-export, participation in world trade, all aimed at strengthening the economy of the country.
(2) In today’s world, the issues of economic security are as important as national security. A country is recognised to be powerful in proportion to the economic security it enjoys. Countries
having a strong economy are less dependent on others and they can have an independent foreign policy as well.
(4) National leadership: The President, the Prime Minister, the Foreign Minister, the Defence Minister, the Finance Minister and the Home Minister have a role in deciding foreign policy. The
People holding these positions try to maintain the continuity in foreign policy and to improve upon it. For example, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru contributed to the policy of non-alignment to India’s foreign policy.
(5) Administrative Factors: Ministry of External Affairs, Foreign Secretary, Embassies in different countries, Diplomatic officers, etc. are the administrative factors involved in creating foreign policy. Even though the final decisions about foreign policy are taken by the Prime Minister and the Minister for External Affairs, the administrative machinery helps to arrive at that decision. The administrative officers collect information needed to shape the foreign policy, analyse it and give appropriate advice based on it. The National Security Advisor also completes this task.